TSQL

TSQL is the flavor of SQL that Microsoft uses.

Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio (aka: SSMS, Enterprise Manager, SQL Server)

Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) is the graphical user interface where you will make changes to your databases and tables. You can also enter your SQL here.

Microsoft SQL Server Engine

This does the actual work for making changes. You do not deal directly with the engine, as SSMS talks to the engine for you.

MySQL

MySQL is the opensource, free database system typically used with PHP.

phpMyAdmin

phpMyAdmin is the web-based GUI (written in PHP) used to manipulate databases and tables. You can also enter SQL here.

WAMP MySQL Console

Instead of using the phpMyAdmin GUI, SQL commands can be entered into a command line interface CLI.

--connect to database
connect datbaseName;

--show all tables in database
show tables;

--view some records
select * from tableName where isActive = 1;